Journal of nanoporous system

Journal of nanoporous system

Advanced synthesis of Palladium nanoparticles immobilized the Schiff-base functionalized ZSM-5 for promoting C-C Coupling Reactions under mild condition

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Department of Nano Technology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran.
Abstract
A newly developed heterogeneous catalyst, ZSM-5@APTMS, has been synthesized with a focus on enhancing its efficiency and reusability. This catalyst incorporates a double Schiff-base functionalization of (E)-4-((pyridin-2-ylimino) methyl) benzaldehyde, which stabilizes palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) to improve their performance in carbon-carbon coupling reactions under mild conditions. Palladium-based catalysts are particularly sought after for their effectiveness in facilitating the formation of carbon-carbon bonds, making them invaluable in the synthesis of various functional organic compounds. Furthermore, a direct correlation has been identified between the catalytic performance of the palladium nanoparticles and the density of acid sites present in the ZSM-5 framework during organic reactions. In this study, we developed a highly effective heterogeneous catalyst derived from ZSM-5, which was functionalized with (E)-4-((pyridin-2-ylimino) methyl) benzaldehyde and incorporated with palladium nanoparticles. This catalyst, referred to as ZSM-5@ APTMS@ (E)-4-((pyridin-2-ylimino) methyl) benzaldehyde@Pd-NPs, was successfully synthesized and employed to enhance cross-coupling reactions in water, serving as a green solvent under mild conditions. Initially, ZSM-5 underwent immobilization using APTMS (3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), followed by modification with (E)-4-((pyridin-2-ylimino) methyl). This amine-activated Zeolite@ (E)-4-((pyridin-2-ylimino) methyl) was subsequently utilized to enhance the stabilization of palladium as metal nanoparticles. The reduction of palladium (II) to palladium (0) was achieved through treatment with hydrazine, resulting in the formation of active metal sites. The characteristics of the Pd/ZSM-5@ structure were thoroughly analyzed using FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, EDS, and ICP-AES techniques. The catalyst demonstrated significant advantages, including compatibility in aqueous environments, high thermal stability, exceptional catalytic efficiency, and reusability.
Keywords